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Grain Size Analysis (Sieve + Hydrometer) in Fargo, ND

Practical geotechnics, field-tested.

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Fargo sits at an elevation of about 904 feet on the Red River Valley floor, where the soil profile tells the story of ancient Lake Agassiz. That glacial lake left behind meters of silty clay—the stuff that swells in spring and shrinks come August. The USGS Quaternary Atlas maps this area as lake sediment and glacial till, meaning grain size analysis isn't just a lab checkbox here. It's how we figure out frost heave potential before winter hits minus 30. Our team runs the full sieve stack plus hydrometer on every sample from Fargo projects, because missing the silt fraction in this town leads to pavement cracks and foundation movement that show up in the first freeze-thaw cycle. When we see samples from the south side near the Sheyenne River diversion, we often run them alongside an Atterberg limits test to correlate clay activity with the grain size curve.

Fargo's Lake Agassiz silts demand the full hydrometer curve. Sieve-only data misses the frost-susceptible fraction that drives pavement failure.

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Methodology and scope

The Lake Agassiz sediments dominating Fargo's subsurface are classic ML-CL material under the Unified Soil Classification System—low plasticity silt with pockets of lean clay. A standard sieve analysis alone will miss about 40 to 60 percent of the fines passing the No. 200 sieve. That's where the hydrometer method becomes essential. ASTM D422 governs the full procedure from coarse fraction sieving down to the 0.001 mm clay-size range. We see a lot of gap-graded curves in the older residential neighborhoods north of 13th Avenue, where fill material from the 1950s was placed without compaction control. For road subgrade evaluations, we combine the grain size distribution with the Proctor test to establish maximum dry density on the same borrow source. Our lab runs a 152H hydrometer with sodium hexametaphosphate dispersant, logging readings at 2, 5, 15, 30, 60, and 1440 minutes to capture the full sedimentation curve. Fargo's groundwater is high—often within four feet of grade—so we always note the sample's field moisture condition before drying, because oven-drying can alter the natural aggregation of clay particles.
Grain Size Analysis (Sieve + Hydrometer) in Fargo, ND
Technical reference — Fargo

Local considerations

Fargo's freeze-thaw cycle is brutal on poorly graded soils. A gap-graded silt with a uniformity coefficient below 4 will heave unevenly when the frost line reaches five feet down. We've pulled samples from commercial pads near Hector International Airport where the sand fraction was only 12 percent. That material tested as frost-susceptible F4 under the USACE classification. The grain size curve showed a flat section between the No. 40 and No. 200 sieves—classic sign of wind-deposited loess mixed into the lake sediment. Another risk shows up in the older flood control levees along the Red River. If the clay fraction drops below 15 percent, the levee core loses its self-healing capacity during rapid drawdown. Running the full hydrometer on every levee inspection boring in Fargo catches that before the spring melt pushes the river to action stage. No shortcuts here.

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Applicable standards

ASTM D422-63 (reapproved 2007), ASTM D6913/D6913M-17, ASTM D7928-21e1

Technical parameters

ParameterTypical value
Sieve range3 inches to No. 200 (75 mm to 0.075 mm)
Hydrometer range0.075 mm to approx. 0.001 mm (clay size)
Sample mass500 g (sands) to 200 g (silts/clays)
DispersantSodium hexametaphosphate, 40 g/L solution
Hydrometer typeASTM 152H, calibrated at 20°C
ReportingGradation curve, Cu, Cc, % gravel/sand/silt/clay
Applicable standardASTM D422-63 (reapproved 2007) / D6913

Frequently asked questions

What does a grain size analysis cost in Fargo?

A full sieve plus hydrometer package on a single sample runs between US$110 and US$190, depending on whether we need to run the hydrometer on the full fine fraction or just the wash pan. If you bring in six samples from the same boring, we apply a volume discount. The price includes the gradation curve, USCS classification, and a short interpretive note on the soil's engineering behavior.

Why does Fargo soil need the hydrometer test?

Fargo sits on Lake Agassiz sediment—dominantly silts with some clay. The sieve alone stops at the No. 200 mesh and can't distinguish silt from clay. The hydrometer measures particle sizes down to about 0.001 mm, which is critical for predicting frost heave, drainage behavior, and consolidation settlement in the silty soils we see across Cass County.

How much material do you need for the test?

For a representative grain size analysis we need roughly 500 grams of dry material if the soil is predominantly sand, or about 200 grams for silt and clay samples. The sample must be bagged at field moisture and sealed to prevent drying during transport. We can accept disturbed samples from test pits, split spoon samplers, or auger cuttings.

What ASTM standards apply to this test?

The primary standard is ASTM D422 covering the full sieve and hydrometer procedure. For the coarse fraction sieving we also follow ASTM D6913, and ASTM D7928 governs the hydrometer method with slightly updated precision criteria. The final classification uses ASTM D2487 for the Unified Soil Classification System.

How long does the lab analysis take?

A standard sieve plus hydrometer run takes three to four working days from sample receipt. The hydrometer portion alone requires a 24-hour sedimentation period with readings at specific intervals. During peak construction season we can expedite to two days for an additional fee, which is common in October when Fargo contractors are pushing to close out foundations before freeze-up.

Location and service area

We serve projects across Fargo and surrounding areas.

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